<item><hi format=bold>International disputes:</hi> claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island (all administered by France)
<item><hi format=bold>Climate:</hi> tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south
<item><hi format=bold>Terrain:</hi> narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center
<item><hi format=bold>Natural resources:</hi> graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish
<item><hi format=bold>Land use:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>arable land:</hi> 4%
<item>• <hi format=ital>permanent crops:</hi> 1%
<item>• <hi format=ital>meadows and pastures:</hi> 58%
<item>• <hi format=ital>forest and woodland:</hi> 26%
<item>• <hi format=ital>other:</hi> 11%
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Irrigated land:</hi> 9,000 sq km (1989 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Environment:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>current issues:</hi> soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with untreated sewage and other organic wastes; several species of flora and fauna unique to the island are endangered
<item>• <hi format=ital>natural hazards:</hi> subject to periodic cyclones
<item>• <hi format=ital>international agreements:</hi> party to—Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified—Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Note:</hi> world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel